Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign 'Mecca Agreement' for Mutual Defense

Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan have signed a trilateral defense agreement, known as the 'Mecca Agreement' or 'Makkah Joint Defense Agreement', which includes a collective defense clause. Any armed attack against one of the three states will be regarded as an attack against them all. The pact aims to strengthen collective deterrence against aggression and expand defense cooperation among the three countries. The agreement was signed in Mecca and is open to other regional countries. It is not directed against any specific actor and remains open to the accession of other countries in the region.